In a significant development, New Delhi has embarked on an ambitious project to upgrade approximately 100 Russian-origin Su-30 MKIs, equipping them with advanced capabilities that extend beyond 100 km. This comprehensive enhancement encompasses modern electronic warfighting technologies, incorporating the latest radar advancements. The initiative is poised to redefine the Su-30 MKI's role, making it a formidable 4.5-generation plus fighter.
The upgrade process is slated to take place in India through a collaborative effort between the state-run Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) and Russian partners. A contract, expected to be signed this year, will pave the way for the integration and overhaul of these fighter jets. Sources within the defense establishment have indicated that the initial lot of 100 aircraft will undergo upgrades, with the remaining 160 following in subsequent batches.
HAL assumes the role of the 'Lead System Integrator' for this ambitious project, receiving support from the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), other defense public sector undertakings (DPSUs), and private industry stakeholders. The Indian Air Force (IAF) plays a pivotal role, dedicating teams for Project Monitoring, Software Development, and Flight Testing and Evaluation.
The Su-30 MKI has been a stalwart of the IAF's fighter fleet for over two decades, and the mid-life upgrade is long overdue. Given the rapid technological advancements in military aviation, a mid-life upgrade becomes imperative to ensure the continued effectiveness of the aircraft throughout its life cycle.
The need for the 'Su-30 Enhancement Programme' became apparent after the Balakot strike in 2019, where the Su-30 MKI faced challenges against the F-16s of the Pakistan Air Force. The upgrade aims to address these limitations, with requirements for the program solidified in 2017 through discussions with the Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM), the Sukhoi Corporation, HAL, and other stakeholders.
With a focus on reducing dependency on foreign OEMs, the upgraded Su-30 MKIs will feature indigenous technologies at its core. The centerpiece of the upgrade is an indigenous Active Electronically Scanned Array (AESA) radar, surpassing even the one installed on the Tejas Mk1-A. Enhanced avionics systems, sensors, and new-generation long-range air-to-air and air-to-ground weapons will complement the radar. Additionally, a comprehensive Electronic Warfare (EW) suite is planned to enhance the aircraft's survivability in hostile airspace.
The Su-30 MKIs, procured in batches from the late '90s through off-the-shelf purchases and knocked-down kits, were retrofitted in the past with limited sub-systems from France, Israel, and India. The current upgrades seek to make substantial differences, transforming the Su-30 MKI into a 4.5-generation plus fighter.
Currently, the Su-30 MKI forms the backbone of the IAF's fighter inventory, with about 260 in service. Recognizing their numerical dominance, these fighters are crucial in potential conflicts, particularly with adversaries like China. The upgrades aim to elevate the Su-30 MKI's capabilities, making it a force to be reckoned with in any geopolitical scenario.
The AESA radar, replacing the Passive Electronically Scanned Array (PESA) radar, offers extended range and features like 'low probability of intercept,' enabling simultaneous detection of air-to-air and air-to-ground threats. The Su-30 MKI's EW capabilities, dating back to the early 2000s, will receive a significant boost with state-of-the-art technology catering to present-day threats. Future integration of the Astra missiles is also on the horizon, augmenting the aircraft's offensive capabilities.
As the Su-30 MKI undergoes these comprehensive upgrades, a workshare of approximately Rs 1,200 crore is anticipated for Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs), startups, and private industries during the design and development phase. This initiative not only bolsters India's defense capabilities but also stimulates economic growth through collaboration with the domestic industry.